Kayaç türü listesi
petrologların tanıdığı ve tanımladığı kayaç türü listesi. Kayaç olmayan türler ile eski kayaç türlerinin adları ek olarak verilmiştir.
Magmatik kayaçlar
A sample of andesite (dark groundmass) with amygdaloidal vesicules filled with zeolite. Diameter of view is 8 cm.
- Andezit - bir ortaç yüzey kayacı
- Alkali feldspat granit - a granitoid in which at least 90% of the total feldspar is in the form of alkali feldspar
- Anortozit - an intrusive igneous felsic rock composed predominantly of plagioclase
- Aplit - a very fine grained intrusive igneous rock composed of quartz and feldspar
- Bazalt - mafik bileşimli yüzey kayacı
- Bazanit - a volcanic rock of mafic composition; essentially a silica-undersaturated basalt
- Boninit - baskın olarak piroksen içeren magnezyumca zengin bazalt
- Dasit - a felsic to intermediate volcanic rock containing hornblende and with plagioclase > orthoclase
- Diyabaz ya da dolerit - an intrusive mafic rock forming dykes or sills
- Diyorit - a coarse-grained intermediate plutonic rock composed of plagioclase, pyroxene and/or amphibole
- Dünit - a phaneritic ultramafic rock composed of more than 90% olivine, usually forsteritic
- Essexite - a silica undersaturated mafic plutonic rock (essentially a foid-bearing gabbro)
- Foidolite - a plutonic igneous rock composed of >90% feldspathoid minerals
- Gabro - a coarse grained plutonic rock composed of pyroxene and plagioclase basically equivalent to basalt
- Granit - a coarse grained plutonic rock composed of orthoclase, plagioclase and quartz
- Granodiyorit - a granitic plutonic rock with plagioclase > orthoclase
- Granofir - a subvolcanic intrusive rock of granitic composition
- Harzburjit - a variety of peridotite; an ultramafic cumulate rock
- Hornblendit - a mafic or ultramafic cumulate rock dominated by >90% hornblende
- Hiyaloklastit - a volcanic rock composed primarily of glasses and glassy tuff
- İzlandit - a volcanic rock
- İgnimbrit - a fragmental volcanic rock
- Ijolite - a very rare silica-undersaturated plutonic rock
- Karbonatit - a rare igneous rock composed of >50% carbonate minerals
- Karnokit - a type of granite containing orthopyroxene
- Enderbit - a variety of charnockite
- Kimberlit - nadir ultramafik, ultrapotassik yüzey kayacı ve elmas kaynağı
- Komatit - çok yüksek miktarda MgO içeren eski bir ultramafik yüzey kayacı
- Lamproyit - an ultrapotassic volcanic rock
- Lamprofir - an ultramafic, ultrapotassic intrusive rock dominated by mafic phenocrysts in a feldspar groundmass
- Latit - a silica undersaturated form of andesite
- Lherzolit - an ultramafic rock, essentially a peridotite
- Monzogranit - a silica undersaturated granite with <5% normative quartz
- Monzonit - a plutonic rock with <5% normative quartz
- Nefelin siyenit - a silica undersaturated plutonic rock with nepheline replacing orthoclase
- Neflinit - a silica undersaturated plutonic rock with >90% nepheline
- Norit - a hypersthene bearing gabbro
- Obsidiyen - a type of volcanic glass
- Pegmatit - an igneous rock (or metamorphic rock) with giant sized crystals
- Peridotit - a plutonic or cumulate ultramafic rock composed of olivine and pyroxene
- Fonolit - a silica undersaturated volcanic rock; essentially similar to nepheline syenite
- Pikrit - an olivine-bearing basalt
- Porfiri - a rock, usually granitic, with a porphyritic texture
- Pümis - a fine grained, extremely vesicular volcanic rock
- Piroksenit - %90'dan fazla piroksen bileşimli kaba taneli derinlik kayası
- Kuvars diyorit - %5'ten fazla modal kuvars içeren diyorit
- Kuvars monzonit - bir ortaç bileşimli derinlik kayası, essentially a monzonite with 5-10% modal quartz
- Riyodasit - a felsic volcanic rock which is intermediate between a rhyolite and a dacite
- Riyolit - bir felsik yüzey kayacı
- Komendit - bir peralkalin riyolit
- Pantellerit - amfibol fenokristaller içeren bir alkalin riyolit-riyodasit
- Skorya - an extremely vesicular mafic volcanic rock
- Sovit - kaba taneli karbonatit kayacı
- Siyenit - baskın olarak ortoklaz feldispat içeren bir derinlik kayacı; bir tür granitoid
- Takilit - essentially bir basaltik cam
- Tefrit - a silica undersaturated volcanic rock
- Tonalit - baskın olarak plajioklaz içeren bir granitoid
- Trakiyandesit - bir alkalin ortaç yüzey kayacı
- Benmoreit - sodic trakiandezit
- Bazaltik trakiyandezit
- Müjearit - sodic basaltic trachyandesite
- Şoşonit - potasyumca zengin bazaltik trakiandezit
- Trakit - a silica undersaturated volcanic rock; essentially a feldspathoid-bearing rhyolite
- Troktolit - a plutonic ultramafic rock containing olivine, pyroxene and plagioclase
- Trondhjemite - a form of tonalite where plagioclase-group feldspar is oligoclase
- Tüf - a fine grained volcanic rock formed from volcanic ash
- Vebsterit - a type of pyroxenite, composed of clinoproxene and orthopyroxene
- Vehrlit - an ultramafic plutonic or cumulate rock, a type of peridotite, composed of olivine and clinopyroxene
Tortul kayaçlar
Batı Virginia'da bitümlü kömür damarı
Dolomite crystals from Touissite, Fas
Türbidit (Gorgoglione Fliş), Miyosen, Güney İtalya
- Arjillit - a sedimentary rock composed primarily of clay-sized particles
- Arkoz - a sedimentary rock similar to sandstone
- Banded iron formation - a fine grained chemical sedimentary rock composed of iron oxide minerals
- Breş - a sedimentary or tectonic rock composed of fragments of other, broken rocks
- Tebeşir - a sedimentary rock composed primarily of coccolith fossils
- Çört - silika bileşimli ince taneli bir kimyasal tortul kayaç
- Kiltaşı - kilden oluşan bir tortul kayaç
- Kömür - organik maddede oluşan bir tortul kayaç
- Konglomera - çeşitli kayaçların bol miktarda yuvarlatılmış parçalarınıdan oluşan bir tortul kayaç
- Coquina - a sedimentary carbonate rock formed by accumulation of abundant shell fossils and fragments
- Diamictite - a poorly sorted conglomerate
- Diyatomit - diyatom taşıllarından oluşan bir tortul kayaç
- Dolomit ya da dolotaşı - a carbonate rock composed of the mineral dolomite +/- calcite
- Evaporit - a chemical sedimentary rock formed by accumulation of minerals after evaporation; kaya tuzu (halitit) ve jips kayacı içeren varyasyonlar
- Flint - bir çört çeşidi
- Grovak - an immature sandstone with quartz, feldspar and rock fragments within a clay matrix
- Gritstone - essentially a coarse sandstone formed from small pebbles
- Itacolumite - porous, yellow-orange sandstone which is flexible if cut into thin strips
- Jaspillite - an iron-rich chemical sedimentary rock similar to chert or banded iron formation
- Laterite - a residual sedimentary rock formed from a parent rock under tropical conditions
- Linyit - a sedimentary rock composed of organic material; otherwise known as Brown Coal
- Kireçtaşı - a sedimentary rock composed primarily of carbonate minerals
- Marl - a limestone with a considerable proportion of silicate material
- Çamurtaşı - a sedimentary rock composed of clay and muds
- Oil shale - a sedimentary rock composed dominantly of organic material
- Oolit - bir çeşit kimyasal tortul kireçtaşı
- Kumtaşı - a clastic sedimentary rock defined by its grain size
- Şeyl - a clastic sedimentary rock defined by its grain size
- Silttaşı - a clastic sedimentary rock defined by its grain size
- Traverten - demir oksit ve kalsit içeren bir tortul kayaç
- Türbidit - a particular sequence of sedimentary rocks which form within the deep ocean environment
- Vaketaşı - a matrix-supported carbonate sedimentary rock.
Metamorfik kayaçlar
Fillit
Banded gneiss with a dike of granite orthogneiss
Mermer
Kuvarsit
Manhattan Şist, New York'un güneydoğusundan
Sleyt
- Antrasit - bir tür kömür
- Amfibolit - ağırlıklı olarak amfibol içeren bir metamorfik kayaç
- Mavişist - sodalı amfibol bileşimli belirgin mavi renge sahip bir metamorfik kayaç
- Kataklasit - faylanma ile oluşan bir kayaç
- Eklojit - ultra-yüksek derecede başkalaşmış bazalt ya da gabro; ayrıca metamorfik kayaçların bir fasiyes türü
- Gnays - kaba taneli bir metamorfik kayaç
- Gossan - the product of the weathering of a sulfide rock or ore body
- Granülit - a high grade metamorphic rock formed from basalt; also a facies of metamorphic rocks
- Yeşilşist - baskın olarak yeşil amfibol içeren bir mafik metamorfik kayaç
- Greenstone
- Hornfels - bir magmatik kayaç tarafından ısıtılarak oluşmuş bir metamorfik kayaç
- Mermer - başkalaşım geçirmiş kireçtaşı
- Migmatit - a high grade metamorphic rock verging upon melting into a magma
- Milonit - a metamorphic rock formed by shearing
- Metapelit - a metamorphic rock with a protolith of clay-rich (siltstone) sedimentary rock
- Fillit - a low grade metamorphic rock composed mostly of micaceous minerals
- Metapsammite - a metamorphic rock with a protolith of quartz-rich (sandstone) sedimentary rock
- Pseudotachylite - a glass formed by melting within a fault via friction
- Kuvarsit - genellikle %95'ten fazla kuvars içeren başkalaşmış kumtaşı
- Şist - a low to medium grade metamorphic rock
- Serpantinit - serpantin minerallerince zengin başkalaşmış bir ultramafik kayaç
- Skarn - bir metasomatik kayaç
- Sleyt - a low grade metamorphic rock formed from shale or silts
- Suevite - a rock formed by partial melting during a meteorite impact
- Talk karbonat - a metamorphosed ultramafic rock with talc as an essential constituent; similar to a serpentinite
- Soapstone - essentially a talc schist
- Beyazşist - a high pressure metamorphic rock containing talc and kyanite
Specific varieties of rocks
The following are terms for rocks that are not petrographically or genetically distinct but are defined according to various other criteria; most are specific classes of other rocks, or altered versions of existing rocks. Some archaic and vernacular terms for rocks are also included.
- Adamellit - a variety of quartz monzonite
- Appinite - a group of varieties of lamprophyre, mostly rich in hornblende
- Afanit - an aphanitic felsic volcanic rock which confounds identification via optical means
- Borolanit - a variety of nepheline syenite from Loch Borralan, Scotland
- Blue Granite - essentially larvikite, a monzonite
- Epidosit - a type of metasomatite; essentially altered basalt
- Felsit - an aphanitic felsic volcanic rock which confounds identification via optical means
- Flint - typically a form of chert, jasper, or tuff
- Ganister - a Cornish term for a palaeosol formed on sandstone
- Ijolite - a silica-undersaturated plutonic rock associated with nepheline syenites
- Jadeitite - a very rare rock formed by concentration of jadeite pyroxene; a form of serpentinite
- Jasperoid - a hematite-silica metasomatite analogous to a skarn
- Kenyte - a variety of phonolite, first found on Mount Kenya
- Vogesite - a variety of lamprophyre
- Larvikite - a variety of monzonite with microperthitic ternary feldspars from Larvik, Norway
- Litchfieldite - a metamorphosed nepheline syenite occurrence near Litchfield, Maine
- Luxullianite - a tourmaline-bearing granite with a peculiar texture, occurring at Luxulyan, Cornwall, England
- Mangerite - a hypersthene-bearing monzonite
- Minette - a variety of lamprophyre
- Novaculite - a chert formation found in Oklahoma, Arkansas and Teksas
- Pirolit - a chemical analogue considered to theoretically represent the earth's upper mantle
- Rapakivi granite - a granite which exhibits the peculiar rapakivi texture
- Rhomb porphyry - a type of latite with euhedral rhombic phenocrysts of feldspar
- Shonkinite - melitilic and kalsititic rocks
- Takonit - banded iron formation, primarily used in the United States of America
- Teschenite - essentially a silica undersaturated, analcime bearing gabbro
- Theralite - essentially a nepheline gabbro
- Variolite - devitrified glass
Ayrıca bakınız
- Mineral listesi
- Kayaç döngüsü
- Rock formation: for a list of unusual or culturally significant rock outcrops.
Dış bağlantılar
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