Taxila

Taxila
UNESCO Dünya Mirası
	Taxila'nın Dharmarajika stupasının görüntüsü
Konum	Pakistan
Kriter	Kültürel: iii, vi
Referans	139
Tescil	1980 (4. oturum)
Bölge	Asya-Pasifik

Eskiden Takshashila olarak bilinen Taxila (Urduca: ٹيکسلا), Pakistan'ın Pencap Eyaleti'nin Ravalpindi şehrinde, İslamabad'ın ve Rawalpindi'nin 32 km (20 mil) kadar kuzey batısında, ünlü Grand Trunk Yolu'nun hemen dışında bulunan bir kasabadır. Şehir deniz seviyesinden 549 metre (1,801 ft) yüksekte yer alır. Rawalpindi şehrindeki Taxila tehsilinin merkezidir.

Kent, kültürel mirası ile ünlüdür. Taxila M.Ö. 1000 civarında kurulmuştur.[1] Taxila, bazı kaynaklar tarafından dünyanın en eski üniversitelerinden biri (veya en eskisi) olarak kabul edilir.[2] Takṣa krallığı Takṣa Khanda olarak anılırdı ve başkenti Taxila idi.[3][4][5][6][7]

Taxila'nın antik kalıntıları UNESCO tarafından Dünya Mirası olarak ilan edilmiştir.[8] 2006 yılında The Guardian gazetesi tarafından Pakistan'da en iyi turistik yer seçildi.[9]

Galeri

Ahameniş İmparatorluğu'nun doğu sınırı
Bölgede elde edilen bir heykel
M.S. 260 tarihine ait bir cadde
Antik Sirkap kalıntıları
Kentin panoramik görüntüsü
Taxila, Büyük İskender için de önemli bir kentti
M.Ö. 2. yüzyıla ait bir para
Antialcida, Taxila'ya bir dönem hükmeden bir kraldı.
Jaulian
Jaulian Budist sandukası
Sirkap'ta bir stupa
Taxila'da bir stupa
M.Ö. 2. yüzyıllara ait bir madeni para

Kaynakça

Raymond Allchin, Bridget Allchin, The Rise of Civilization in India and Pakistan. 12 Mart 2017 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Cambridge University Press, 1982 p.314 ISBN 052128550X ("The first city of Taxila at Hathial goes back at least to c. 1000 B.C.")
Needham, Joseph (2004). Within the Four Seas: The Dialogue of East and West. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-36166-4.
Invasion of the Genes Genetic Heritage of India, By B. S. Ahloowalia. p81
Kulke, Hermann; Rothermund, Dietmar (2004). A History of India (4th bas.). Routledge. ISBN 0-415-32919-1. In the early centuries the centre of Buddhist scholarship was the University of Taxila.

Balakrishnan Muniapan, Junaid M. Shaikh (2007), "Lessons in corporate governance from Kautilya's Arthashastra in ancient India", World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development 3 (1):

« "Kautilya was also a Professor of Politics and Economics at Taxila University. Taxila University is one of the oldest known universities in the world and it was the chief learning centre in ancient India." »

Radha Kumud Mookerji (2nd ed. 1951; reprint 1989), Ancient Indian Education: Brahmanical and Buddhist (p. 478), Motilal Banarsidass Publ., ISBN 81-208-0423-6:

« "Thus the various centres of learning in different parts of the country became affiliated, as it were, to the educational centre, or the central university, of Taxila which exercised a kind of intellectual suzerainty over the wide world of letters in India." »

Radha Kumud Mookerji (2nd ed. 1951; reprint 1989), Ancient Indian Education: Brahmanical and Buddhist (p. 479), Motilal Banarsidass Publ., ISBN 81-208-0423-6:

« "This shows that Taxila was a seat not of elementary, but higher, education, of colleges or a university as distinguished from schools." »
UNESCO World Heritage Site, 1980. Taxila: Multiple Locations. Retrieved 13 January 2007.
Windsor, Antonia (17 Ekim 2006). "Out of the rubble". The Guardian. Londra. 5 Kasım 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 24 Mayıs 2010.

Dış bağlantılar

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[books.google.com-1] Raymond Allchin, Bridget Allchin, The Rise of Civilization in India and Pakistan. 12 Mart 2017 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Cambridge University Press, 1982 p.314 ISBN 052128550X ("The first city of Taxila at Hathial goes back at least to c. 1000 B.C.")

[Needham-2] Needham, Joseph (2004). Within the Four Seas: The Dialogue of East and West. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-36166-4.

[3] Invasion of the Genes Genetic Heritage of India, By B. S. Ahloowalia. p81

[Kulke_2004-4] Kulke, Hermann; Rothermund, Dietmar (2004). A History of India (4th bas.). Routledge. ISBN 0-415-32919-1. In the early centuries the centre of Buddhist scholarship was the University of Taxila.

[entrepreneurship2007-5] Balakrishnan Muniapan, Junaid M. Shaikh (2007), "Lessons in corporate governance from Kautilya's Arthashastra in ancient India", World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development 3 (1):

« "Kautilya was also a Professor of Politics and Economics at Taxila University. Taxila University is one of the oldest known universities in the world and it was the chief learning centre in ancient India." »

[autogenerated478-6] Radha Kumud Mookerji (2nd ed. 1951; reprint 1989), Ancient Indian Education: Brahmanical and Buddhist (p. 478), Motilal Banarsidass Publ., ISBN 81-208-0423-6:

« "Thus the various centres of learning in different parts of the country became affiliated, as it were, to the educational centre, or the central university, of Taxila which exercised a kind of intellectual suzerainty over the wide world of letters in India." »

[autogenerated479-7] Radha Kumud Mookerji (2nd ed. 1951; reprint 1989), Ancient Indian Education: Brahmanical and Buddhist (p. 479), Motilal Banarsidass Publ., ISBN 81-208-0423-6:

« "This shows that Taxila was a seat not of elementary, but higher, education, of colleges or a university as distinguished from schools." »

[8] UNESCO World Heritage Site, 1980. Taxila: Multiple Locations. Retrieved 13 January 2007.

[9] Windsor, Antonia (17 Ekim 2006). "Out of the rubble". The Guardian. Londra. 5 Kasım 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 24 Mayıs 2010.