Marston Morse

Marston Morse
Marston Morse
	1965'te Morse (MFO'nun izniyle)
Doğum	Harold Calvin Marston Morse; 24 Mart 1892; Waterville, Maine, ABD
Ölüm	22 Haziran 1977 (85 yaşında); Princeton, New Jersey, ABD
Defin yeri	Pine Grove Mezarlığı, Waterville (Lot 626 - Grave 4); 44°32′13.97″K 69°38′43.231″B
Milliyet	Amerikalı
Vatandaşlık	Amerika Birleşik Devletleri
Eğitim	Harvard Üniversitesi (1914–1917); Colby College (1910–1914); Coburn Classical Institute (–1910);
Mezun olduğu okul(lar)	Harvard Üniversitesi
Tanınma nedeni	Morse fonksiyonu; Morse homolojisi; Morse–Palais lemması; Prouhet–Thue–Morse sabiti; Morse teorisi; Thue–Morse dizisi;
Evlilik	Céleste Phelps, Louise Jeffreys
Ödüller	National Medal of Science (1964); Josiah Willard Gibbs Lectureship (1952); Bôcher Memorial Prize (1933); Croix de guerre 1914–1918 (1919); Knight of the Legion of Honour (1952);
Kariyeri
Dalı	Matematik, Topoloji
Çalıştığı kurum	Institute for Advanced Study (1935–1962); Harvard Üniversitesi (1919–1920); Cornell Üniversitesi (1920–1925); Brown Üniversitesi (1925–1926); Harvard Üniversitesi (1926–1935);
Tez	Certain types of geodesic motion on a surface of negative curvature (1917)
Doktora; danışmanı	George David Birkhoff
Doktora öğrencileri	Sumner Byron Myers (1932), Gustav A. Hedlund (1930), Emilio Bajada, Arthur Everett Pitcher (1935), Arthur Sard (1936), George Booth Van Schaack (1935), Walter Leighton, Jr., Stewart Scott Cairns, Albert Eldred Currier, Tsai-Han Kiang, Nancy Cole, Arthur Barton Brown, Bradford Fisher Kimball, Donald Everett Richmond

Harold Calvin Marston Morse (24 Mart 1892 - 22 Haziran 1977) en çok varyasyonlar hesabı üzerine yaptığı geniş çapta çalışmayla tanınan Amerikalı bir matematikçi; bu konu şu anda Morse teorisi olarak bilinen diferansiyel topoloji tekniğini tanıttı. Mors teorisinin temel sonuçlarından biri olan Morse-Palais lemması, birçok uygulama içeren sonsuz bir ikili dizi olan Thue-Morse dizisi gibi onun adını almıştır. 1933'te matematiksel analiz alanındaki çalışmaları için Bôcher Anma Ödülü'ne layık görüldü.

Hayatı

Waterville, Maine'de Ella Phoebe Marston ve Howard Calvin Morse'un oğlu olarak 1892'de doğdu. Lisans derecesini 1914'te yine Waterville'de olan Colby College'dan aldı. 1915'te hem yüksek lisansını hem de 1917'de doktora derecesini Harvard Üniversitesi'nden aldı.

1935'te Princeton'daki Institute for Advanced Study'de bir pozisyon kabul etmeden önce Harvard, Brown ve Cornell Üniversitelerinde ders verdi ve 1962'de emekli olana kadar burada kaldı.

Kariyerinin çoğunu, diferansiyel topolojinin bir dalı olan Mors teorisi olarak bilinen tek bir konu üzerinde geçirdi. Mors teorisi, sicim teorisi gibi modern matematiksel fizikte çok önemli bir konudur.

Marston Morse, Morse-Sard teoremi ile ünlü olan Anthony Morse ile karıştırılmamalıdır.

Bazı yayınları

Makaleler

Morse, Harold Marston (1924). "A fundamental class of geodesics on any closed surface of genus greater than one". Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 26 (1): 25-60. doi:10.1090/s0002-9947-1924-1501263-9. MR 1501263.
Morse, Marston (1928). "The foundations of a theory in the calculus of variations in the large". Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 30 (2): 213-274. doi:10.1090/s0002-9947-1928-1501428-x. MR 1501428.
Morse, M. (1928). "Singular points of vector fields under general boundary conditions". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 14 (5): 428-430. doi:10.1073/pnas.14.5.428. PMC 1085532 $2. PMID 16577120.
Morse, Marston (1929). "The critical points of functions and the calculus of variations in the large". Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 35 (1): 38-54. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1929-04690-1. MR 1561686.
"The foundations of the calculus of variations in the large in m-space (first paper)". Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 31 (3): 379-404. 1929. doi:10.1090/s0002-9947-1929-1501489-9. MR 1501489.
Morse, M. (1929). "Closed extremals". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 15 (11): 856-859. doi:10.1073/pnas.15.11.856. PMC 522574 $2. PMID 16577255.
"The foundations of a theory of the calculus of variations in the large in m-space (second paper)". Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 32 (4): 599-631. 1930. doi:10.1090/s0002-9947-1930-1501555-6. MR 1501555.
Morse, Marston (1931). "The critical points of a function of n variables". Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 33 (1): 72-91. doi:10.1090/s0002-9947-1931-1501576-4. MR 1501576. PMC 526733 $2. PMID 16577308.
Morse, Marston (1935). "Sufficient conditions in the problem of Lagrange without assumptions of normalcy". Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 37 (1): 147-160. doi:10.1090/s0002-9947-1935-1501780-9. MR 1501780.
Walter Leighton ile birlikte: Morse, Marston; Leighton, Walter (1936). "Singular quadratic functions". Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 40 (2): 252-288. doi:10.1090/s0002-9947-1936-1501873-7. MR 1501873.
Gustav A. Hedlund ile birlikte: Morse, Marston; Hedlund, Gustav A. (1942). "Manifolds without conjugate points". Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 51 (2): 362-386. doi:10.1090/s0002-9947-1942-0006479-x. MR 0006479.
Morse, M. (1952). "Homology relations on regular orientable manifolds". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 38 (3): 247-258. doi:10.1073/pnas.38.3.247. PMC 1063540 $2. PMID 16589087.

Kitaplar

Calculus of variations in the large, American Mathematical Society, 1934[1]
Topological methods in the theory of functions of a complex variable, Princeton University Press, 1947[2]
Lectures on analysis in the large, 1947
Symbolic dynamics, Mimeographed notes by R. Oldenberger. Princeton, NJ: Institute for Advanced Study. 1966.
Stewart Cairns ile birlikte: Critical point theory in global analysis and differential topology, Academic Press, 1969
Variational analysis: critical extremals and Sturmian extensions, Wiley, 1973; 2nd edn. Dover, 2007
Global variational analysis: Weierstrass integrals on a Riemannian manifold, Princeton University Press, 1976[3]
Morse, Marston (1981), Bott, Raoul (Ed.), Selected papers, Berlin, New York: Springer-Verlag, ISBN 978-0-387-90532-7, MR 0635124
Morse, Marston (1987), Montgomery, Deane; Bott, Raoul (Edl.), Collected papers. Vol. 1--6, Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co., ISBN 978-9971-978-94-5, MR 0889255

Film

"Pits, Peaks, and Passes: A Lecture on Critical Point Theory", Mathematical Association of America Lecture Films, 1966

Notlar

Dresden, Arnold (1936). "Review: Calculus of variations in the large, by Marston Morse". Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 42 (9, Part 1): 607-612. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1936-06362-7.
Ahlfors, L. (1948). "Review: Topological methods in the theory of functions of a complex variable, by Marston Morse". Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 54 (5): 489-491. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1948-09004-8.
Smale, Stephen (1977). "Review: Global variational analysis: Weierstrass integrals on a Riemannian manifold, by Marston Morse". Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 83 (4): 683-693. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1977-14345-0.

Biyografik referanslar

Pitcher, Everett (1994), "H. Marston Morse" (PDF), National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (Ed.), Biographical Memoirs, Biographical Memoirs, 65, Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, ss. 223-240, ISBN 978-0-309-07359-2.

Kaynakça

Bott, Raoul (1980), "Marston Morse and his mathematical works", Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, New Series, 3 (3), ss. 907-950, doi:10.1090/s0273-0979-1980-14824-7, MR 0585177, Zbl 0469.01012.
Nadis, Steve; Yau, Shing-Tung (2013), "Chapter 4. Analysis and Algebra Meet Topology: Marston Morse, Hassler Whitney, and Saunders Mac Lane", A History in Sum, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, ss. 86-115, doi:10.4159/harvard.9780674726550, ISBN 978-0-674-72500-3, JSTOR j.ctt6wpqft, MR 3100544, Zbl 1290.01005 (e-kitap: 978-0-674-72655-0).

Dış bağlantılar

O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Marston Morse", MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, University of St Andrews.
Mathematics Genealogy Project'te Marston Morse
Internet Archive'daki Marston Morse tarafından oluşturulan ya da hakkındaki eserler

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[1] Dresden, Arnold (1936). "Review: Calculus of variations in the large, by Marston Morse". Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 42 (9, Part 1): 607-612. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1936-06362-7.

[2] Ahlfors, L. (1948). "Review: Topological methods in the theory of functions of a complex variable, by Marston Morse". Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 54 (5): 489-491. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1948-09004-8.

[3] Smale, Stephen (1977). "Review: Global variational analysis: Weierstrass integrals on a Riemannian manifold, by Marston Morse". Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 83 (4): 683-693. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1977-14345-0.

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