ABD Artistik Patinaj Şampiyonası

ABD Artistik Patinaj Şampiyonası ABD'nin ulusal buz pateni yarışması. ABD Federasyonu U.S. Figure Skating tarafından düzenlenir.

2008 ABD Artistik Patinaj Şampiyonası'nda madalya kazanan sporcular. Altın: Mirai Nagasu; gümüş: Rachael Flatt; bronz: Ashley Wagner; kalay: Caroline Zhang.

Patenciler üç ayrı düzeyde yarışır. Bunlar: Senior, Junior, ve Novice kategorileridir. Dört farklı disiplinde madalya dağıtılır. Bunlar teklerde kadınlar, erkekler, çiftler ve buz dansıdır. Pek çok yarışmanın aksine dört farklı madalya dağıtılır. Bunlar; altın (birinciye), gümüş (ikinciye), bronz (thirdüçüncüye) ve pewter (dördüncüye).

Bu yarışma Dünya Artistik Patinaj Şampiyonası, Dünya Gençler Artistik Patinaj Şampiyonası, Dört Kıta Artistik Patinaj Şampiyonası ve Kış Olimpiyat Oyunlarına katılacak ABD takımını belirlemektedir.

2010 ABD Artistik Patinaj Şampiyonası 14 - 24 Ocak 2010'da Spokane, Washington'da yapıldı. 2011 ABD Artistik Patinaj Şampiyonası ise 22 - 30 Ocak 2011'de Greensboro, North Carolina'da düzenlenecektir.[1]

Japonya ve Rusya gibi ülkelerde 'Gençler Şampiyonası' junior düzeyinde patencilerin katıldığı yarışmalar olarak bilinir. Ancak ABD Şampiyonasında junior düzeyinde patenciler ABD Şampiyonası ile aynı anda düzenlenen bir yarışma içinde yarışır. ABD Gençler Şampiyonası ise Juvenile ve Intermediate düzeyinde patenciler için yapılır. Bu isim benzerliği bazı karışıklıklara yol açabilir. Juvenile ve Intermediate düzeyindeki patenciler ABD Gençler Şampiyonasına katılırken, Junior düzeyinde patenciler 'ABD Şampiyonasına Junior (Gençler) düzeyinde' katılır.

Ulusal gençler şampiyonu (Junior national champion) ibaresi ABD Şampiyonasına Junior (Gençler) düzeyinde katılmış patenciler için kullanılır. Örneğin 2007 ABD Artistik Patinaj Şampiyonasında altın madalya alan 2007 ABD Gençler şampiyonu Emily Samuelson / Evan Bates kariyerlerinin başında 2002 ABD intermediate şampiyonu olmuştur. Kullanım farkı buradan kaynaklanmaktadır.

Yarışma düzeylerini belirten "novice", "junior" ve "senior" terimleri bir yaş aralığını değil seviyeyi gösterir. Bu sebeple bu düzeylerde yarışan patenciler uluslararası yarışmalarda yarışmak için uygun yaş aralığında olmayabilir. Örneğin kadınlarda 2008 ABD şampiyonu Mirai Nagasu o sezon ulusal düzeyde büyüklerde şampiyon olmasına rağmen ISU'nun yaş kuralı sebebiyle uluslararası düzeyde ancak gençlerde yarışabilmişti.

ABD Gençler Şampiyonasında (Juvenile ve Intermediate) herhangi bir düzeyde şampiyon olan patenciler bir sonraki sene aynı seviyede yarışamaz.[2] ABD Şampiyonasında herhangi bir düzeyde şampiyon olmuş bir patenci ise ancak aynı düzeyde regional yarışmalarına katılamaz. Bu durumdaki patencilerin ancak ISU Grand Prix, ISU Junior Grand Prix gibi aşağıda açıklanmış olan özel kurallar ile ABD Şampiyonasında aynı seviyede yarışması mümkündür. Çiftlerde 2007 Novice ve 2009 Junior ulusal şampiyonu Tracy Tanovich / Michael Chau (1996 ve 1990 doğumlu) ISU'nun yaş kuralı sebebiyle uluslararası düzeyde gençlerde yarışabilmek için bile çok küçük olmalarına rağmen başka şekilde ABD Şampiyonasında yarışamayacakları için 2010 ABD Şampiyonasında büyüklerde katılmalıdır.

Katılım

ABD Şampiyonasına katılma için elemeler yapılan yerel yarışmalar ile başlar. Dokuz farklı yerel yarışma düzenlenir. Bunlar; New England, North Atlantic, South Atlantic, Upper Great Lakes, Eastern Great Lakes, Southwestern, Northwest Pacific, Central Pacific, be Southwest Pacific'dir. Bu yarışmalarda ilk dört içine giren patenciler sectional yarışmalara davet edilir. Üç farklı sectional yarışma vardır. Bunlar; Eastern, Midwestern, ve Pacific Coast'dır. Bu yarışmalarda ilk dörtte yer alan isimler ABD Şampiyonasına katılma hakkı kazanır.

Bir önceki yıl kategorilerinde ilk 5'te yer alan sporcular şampiyonaya direkt katılım hakkı kazanır. Bunun haricinde son Olimpiyatta ve Dünya şampiyonasında madalya alan, Junior Grand Prix Final ya da Senior Grand Prix Finaline katılma hakkı kazanan sporcularda yarışmaya katılma hakkı kazanır. Patenciler eleme yarışmalarının düzenlendiği tarihlerde uluslararası bir yarışmaya katılacaksa eleme yarışmalarını direkt geçer ve bir üst yarışmaya katılır. Örneğin Regional yarışmaları sırasında uluslararası düzeyde bir yarışmaya katılan sporcu sectional yarışmasına bu yarışmaya girmeden, direkt katılır. Eğer sectional yarışmaları sırasında bu durum oluşursa da ABD Şampiyonasına bu yarışmaya girmeden katılır.

Patenciler aynı ulusal şampiyonaya aynı kategoride iki farklı düzeyde katılamaz. Ancak farklı kategorilerde farklı düzeylerde yarışmalara girebilir. Örneğin tek erkeklerde yarışan bir patenci aynı şampiyonaya hem junior hem senior düzeylerinde katılamaz. Ancak junior erkekler ve novice çiftlerde yarışmaya girebilir.Örneğin çiftlerde 2009 ABD ikincisi Caydee Denney tek kadınlarda Sectionals yarışmalarına katılmıştır. Ayrıca patencileri seviye indirme şansı verilmez. Örneğin senior düzeyinde yarışmış bir patenci junior düzeyine dönemez.

Madalya alanlar

Erkekler

Men's Medalists
YearLocationGoldSilverBronzePewter
1914New Haven, CTNorman M. ScottEdward HowlandNathaniel Niles
1915-
1917
no competition held
1918New York, NYNathaniel NilesKarl EngelEdward Howland
1919no competition held
1920New York, NYSherwin BadgerNathaniel NilesPetros Wahlman
1921Philadelphia, PASherwin BadgerNathaniel NilesEdward Howland
1922Boston, MASherwin BadgerNathaniel Niles
1923New Haven, CTSherwin BadgerChris ChristensonJulius Nelson
1924Philadelphia, PASherwin BadgerNathaniel NilesChris Christenson
1925New York, NYNathaniel NilesGeorge BraakmanCarl Engel
1926Boston, MAChris ChristensonNathaniel NilesFerrier Martin
1927New York, NYNathaniel NilesRoger TurnerGeorge Braakman
1928New Haven, CTRoger TurnerFredrick GoodridgeDr. Walter Langer
1929New York, NYRoger TurnerFredrick GoodridgeJ. Lester Madden
1930Providence, RIRoger TurnerJ. Lester MaddenGeorge Hill
1931Boston, MARoger TurnerJ. Lester MaddenGeorge Hill
1932New York, NYRoger TurnerJ. Lester MaddenGeorge Borden
1933New Haven, CTRoger TurnerJ. Lester MaddenRobin Lee
1934Philadelphia, PARoger TurnerRobin LeeGeorge Hill
1935New Haven, CTRobin LeeRoger TurnerJ. Lester Madden
1936New York, NYRobin LeeErle ReiterGeorge Hill
1937Chicago, ILRobin LeeErle ReiterWilliam Nagle
1938Philadelphia, PARobin LeeErle ReiterOllie Haupt Jr.
1939St. Paul, MNRobin LeeOllie Haupt Jr.Eugene Turner
1940Cleveland, OHEugene TurnerOllie Haupt Jr.Skippy Baxter
1941Boston, MAEugene TurnerArthur Vaughn Jr.William Nagle
1942Chicago, ILBobby SpechtWilliam GrimditchArthur Vaughn Jr.
1943New York, NYArthur Vaughn Jr.Arthur PreuschWilliam Nagle
1944-
1945
no competition held
1946Chicago, ILRichard ButtonJames LocheadJohm Tuckerman
1947Berkeley, CARichard ButtonJohn LettengarverJames Grogan
1948Colorado Springs, CORichard ButtonJames GroganJohn Lettengarver
1949Colorado Springs, CORichard ButtonJames GroganHayes Alan Jenkins
1950Washington, DCRichard ButtonHayes Alan JenkinsRichard Dwyer
1951Seattle, WARichard ButtonJames GroganHayes Alan Jenkins
1952Colorado Springs, CORichard ButtonJames GroganHayes Alan Jenkins
1953Hershey, PAHayes Alan JenkinsRonald RobertsonDudley Richards
1954Los AngelesHayes Alan JenkinsDavid JenkinsRonald Robertson
1955Colorado Springs, COHayes Alan JenkinsDavid JenkinsHugh Graham
1956Philadelphia, PAHayes Alan JenkinsRonald RobertsonDavid Jenkins
1957Berkeley, CADavid JenkinsTim BrownTom Moore
1958Minneapolis, MNDavid JenkinsTim BrownTom Moore
1959Rochester, NYDavid JenkinsTim BrownRobert Brewer
1960Seattle, WADavid JenkinsTim BrownRobert Brewer
1961Colorado Springs, COBradley LordGregory KelleyTim BrownDouglas Ramsay
1962Boston, MAMonty HoytScott AllenDavid EdwardsJames Short
1963Long Beach, CAThomas LitzScott AllenMonty Hoyt
1964Cleveland, OHScott AllenThomas LitzMonty Hoyt
1965Lake Placid, NYGary ViscontiScott AllenTim Wood
1966Berkeley, CAScott AllenGary ViscontiBilly Chapel
1967Omaha, NEGary ViscontiScott AllenTim WoodJohn Misha Petkevich
1968Philadelphia, PATim WoodGary ViscontiJohn Misha Petkevich
1969Seattle, WATim WoodJohn Misha PetkevichGary Visconti
1970Tulsa, OKTim WoodJohn Misha PetkevichKenneth ShelleyRoger Bass
1971Buffalo, NYJohn Misha PetkevichKenneth ShelleyGordon McKellen, Jr.
1972Long Beach, CAKenneth ShelleyJohn Misha PetkevichGordon McKellen, Jr.John Baldwin
1973Minneapolis, MNGordon McKellen, Jr.Robert BradshawDavid Santee
1974Providence, RIGordon McKellen, Jr.Terry KubickaCharles Tickner
1975Oakland, CAGordon McKellen, Jr.Terry KubickaCharles Tickner
1976Colorado Springs, COTerry KubickaDavid SanteeScott CramerCharles Tickner
1977Hartford, CTCharles TicknerScott CramerDavid SanteeJohn Carlow Jr.
1978Portland, ORCharles TicknerDavid SanteeScott Hamilton
1979Cincinnati, OHCharles TicknerScott CramerDavid SanteeScott Hamilton
1980Atlanta, GACharles TicknerDavid SanteeScott HamiltonScott Cramer
1981San Diego, CAScott HamiltonDavid SanteeRobert Wagenhoffer
1982Indianapolis, INScott HamiltonRobert WagenhofferDavid SanteeBrian Boitano
1983Pittsburgh, PAScott HamiltonBrian BoitanoMark Cockerell
1984Salt Lake City, UTScott HamiltonBrian BoitanoMark CockerellPaul Wylie
1985Kansas City, MOBrian BoitanoMark CockerellScott WilliamsChristopher Bowman
1986Uniondale, NYBrian BoitanoScott WilliamsDaniel DoranAngelo D'Agostino
1987Tacoma, WABrian BoitanoChristopher BowmanScott WilliamsDaniel Doran
1988Denver, COBrian BoitanoPaul WylieChristopher BowmanDaniel Doran
1989Baltimore, MDChristopher BowmanDaniel DoranPaul WylieErik Larson
1990Salt Lake City, UTTodd EldredgePaul WylieMark MitchellErik Larson
1991Minneapolis, MNTodd EldredgeChristopher BowmanPaul WylieMark Mitchell
1992Orlando, FLChristopher BowmanPaul WylieMark MitchellScott Davis
1993Phoenix, AZScott DavisMark MitchellMichael ChackAren Nielsen
1994Detroit, MIScott DavisBrian BoitanoAren NielsenTodd Eldredge
1995Providence, RITodd EldredgeScott DavisAren NielsenDamon Allen
1996San Jose, CARudy GalindoTodd EldredgeDaniel HollanderScott Davis
1997Nashville, TNTodd EldredgeMichael WeissDaniel HollanderScott Davis
1998Philadelphia, PATodd EldredgeMichael WeissScott DavisShepherd Clark
1999Salt Lake City, UTMichael WeissTrifun ZivanovicTimothy GoebelMatthew Savoie
2000Cleveland, OHMichael WeissTimothy GoebelTrifun ZivanovicMatthew Savoie
2001Boston, MATimothy GoebelTodd EldredgeMatthew SavoieMichael Weiss
2002Los AngelesTodd EldredgeTimothy GoebelMichael WeissMatthew Savoie
2003Dallas, TXMichael WeissTimothy GoebelRyan JahnkeScott Smith
2004Atlanta, GAJohnny WeirMichael WeissMatthew SavoieRyan Jahnke
2005Portland, ORJohnny WeirTimothy GoebelEvan LysacekMatthew Savoie
2006St. Louis, MOJohnny WeirEvan LysacekMatthew SavoieMichael Weiss
2007Spokane, WAEvan LysacekRyan BradleyJohnny WeirJeremy Abbott
2008St. Paul, MNEvan LysacekJohnny WeirStephen CarriereJeremy Abbott
2009Cleveland, OHJeremy AbbottBrandon MrozEvan LysacekRyan Bradley
2010Spokane, WAJeremy AbbottEvan LysacekJohnny WeirRyan Bradley
2011Greensboro, NC

Kadınlar

Ladies Medalists
YearLocationGoldSilverBronzePewter
1914New Haven, CTTheresa WeldEdith RotchRaynham Townshend
1915-
1917
no competition held
1918New York, NYRosemary BeresfordTheresa Weld
1919no competition held
1920New York, NYTheresa WeldMartha BrownLilian Cramer
1921Philadelphia, PATheresa Weld BlanchardLilian Cramer
1922Boston, MATheresa Weld BlanchardBeatrix Loughran
1923New Haven, CTTheresa Weld BlanchardBeatrix LoughranLilian Cramer
1924Philadelphia, PATheresa Weld BlanchardRosalie Knapp
1925New York, NYBeatrix LoughranTheresa Weld BlanchardRosalie Knapp
1926Boston, MABeatrix LoughranTheresa Weld BlanchardMaribel Vinson
1927New York, NYBeatrix LoughranMaribel VinsonTheresa Weld Blanchard
1928New Haven, CTMaribel VinsonSuzanne Davis
1929New York, NYMaribel VinsonEdith SecordSuzanne Davis
1930Providence, RIMaribel VinsonEdith SecordSuzanne Davis
1931Boston, MAMaribel VinsonEdith SecordHulda Berger
1932New York, NYMaribel VinsonMargaret BennettLouise Weigel
1933New Haven, CTMaribel VinsonSuzanne DavisLouise Weigel
1934Philadelphia, PASuzanne DavisLouise WeigelEstelle Weigel
1935New Haven, CTMaribel VinsonSuzanne DavisLouise Weigel
1936New York, NYMaribel VinsonLouise WeigelAudrey Peppe
1937Chicago, ILMaribel VinsonPolly BlodgettKatherine Durbrow
1938Philadelphia, PAJoan TozzerAudrey PeppePolly BlodgettJane Vaughn
1939St. Paul, MNJoan TozzerAudrey PeppeCharlotte Walther
1940Cleveland, OHJoan TozzerHedy StenufJane Vaughn
1941Boston, MAJane VaughnGretchen MerrillCharlotte Walther
1942Chicago, ILJane Vaughn SullivanGretchen MerrillPhebe Tucker
1943New York, NYGretchen MerrillDorothy GoosJanette Ahrens
1944Minneapolis, MNGretchen MerrillDorothy GoosRamona Allen
1945New York, NYGretchen MerrillJanette AhrensMadelon Olson
1946Chicago, ILGretchen MerrillJanette AhrensMadelon Olson
1947Berkeley, CAGretchen MerrillJanette AhrensEileen Seigh
1948Colorado Springs, COGretchen MerrillYvonne C. ShermanHelen Uhl
1949Colorado Springs, COYvonne C. ShermanGretchen MerrillVirginia Baxter
1950Washington, DCYvonne C. ShermanSonya KlopferVirginia Baxter
1951Seattle, WASonya KlopferTenley AlbrightVirginia Baxter
1952Colorado Springs, COTenley AlbrightFrances DorseyHelen Geekie
1953Hershey, PATenley AlbrightCarol HeissMargaret GrahamMargaret Dean
1954Los AngelesTenley AlbrightCarol HeissFrances DorseyMargaret Graham
1955Colorado Springs, COTenley AlbrightCarol HeissCatherine MachadoPatricia Firth
1956Philadelphia, PATenley AlbrightCarol HeissCatherine MachadoMary Anne Dorsey
1957Berkeley, CACarol HeissJoan SchenkeClaralynn LewisNancy Heiss
1958Minneapolis, MNCarol HeissCarol WanekLynn FinneganNancy Heiss
1959Rochester, NYCarol HeissNancy HeissBarbara RolesLynn Finnegan
1960Seattle, WACarol HeissBarbara RolesLaurence OwenStephanie Westerfeld
1961Colorado Springs, COLaurence OwenStephanie WesterfeldRhode Lee Michelson
1962Boston, MABarbara Roles PursleyLorraine HanlonVictoria FisherFrances Gold
1963Long Beach, CALorraine HanlonChristina HaiglerKaren Howland
1964Cleveland, OHPeggy FlemingAlbertina NoyesChristina Haigler
1965Lake Placid, NYPeggy FlemingChristina HaiglerAlbertina Noyes
1966Berkeley, CAPeggy FlemingAlbertina NoyesPamela Schneider
1967Omaha, NEPeggy FlemingAlbertina NoyesJennie WalshJanet Lynn
1968Philadelphia, PAPeggy FlemingAlbertina NoyesJanet Lynn
1969Seattle, WAJanet LynnJulie Lynn HolmesAlbertina NoyesDawn Glab
1970Tulsa, OKJanet LynnJulie Lynn HolmesDawn GlabJennie Walsh
1971Buffalo, NYJanet LynnJulie Lynn HolmesSuna MurrayDawn Glab
1972Long Beach, CAJanet LynnJulie Lynn HolmesSuna MurrayDorothy Hamill
1973Minneapolis, MNJanet LynnDorothy HamillJuli McKinstry
1974Providence, RIDorothy HamillJuli McKinstryKath Malmberg
1975Oakland, CADorothy HamillWendy BurgeKath MalmbergBarbie Smith
1976Colorado Springs, CODorothy HamillLinda FratianneWendy Burge
1977Hartford, CTLinda FratianneBarbie SmithWendy Burge
1978Portland, ORLinda FratianneLisa-Marie AllenPriscilla HillCarrie Rugh
1979Cincinnati, OHLinda FratianneLisa-Marie AllenCarrie Rugh
1980Atlanta, GALinda FratianneLisa-Marie AllenSandy LenzElaine Zayak
1981San Diego, CAElaine ZayakPriscilla HillLisa-Marie AllenRosalynn Sumners
1982Indianapolis, INRosalynn SumnersVikki de VriesElaine ZayakJackie Farrell
1983Pittsburgh, PARosalynn SumnersElaine ZayakTiffany ChinVikki de Vries
1984Salt Lake City, UTRosalynn SumnersTiffany ChinElaine ZayakJill Frost
1985Kansas City, MOTiffany ChinDebi ThomasCaryn KadavyKathryn Adams
1986Uniondale, NYDebi ThomasCaryn KadavyTiffany ChinTracey Damigella
1987Tacoma, WAJill TrenaryDebi ThomasCaryn KadavyTiffany Chin
1988Denver, CODebi ThomasJill TrenaryCaryn KadavyJeri Campbell
1989Baltimore, MDJill TrenaryKristi YamaguchiTonya HardingHolly Cook
1990Salt Lake City, UTJill TrenaryKristi YamaguchiHolly CookNancy Kerrigan
1991Minneapolis, MNTonya HardingKristi YamaguchiNancy KerriganTonia Kwiatkowski
1992Orlando, FLKristi YamaguchiNancy KerriganTonya HardingLisa Ervin
1993Phoenix, AZNancy KerriganLisa ErvinTonia KwiatkowskiTonya Harding
1994Detroit, MI[none] †Michelle KwanNicole BobekElaine Zayak
1995Providence, RINicole BobekMichelle KwanTonia KwiatkowskiKyoko Ina
1996San Jose, CAMichelle KwanTonia KwiatkowskiTara LipinskiSydne Vogel
1997Nashville, TNTara LipinskiMichelle KwanNicole BobekAngela Nikodinov
1998Philadelphia, PAMichelle KwanTara LipinskiNicole BobekTonia Kwiatkowski
1999Salt Lake City, UTMichelle KwanNaomi Nari NamAngela NikodinovSarah Hughes
2000Cleveland, OHMichelle KwanSasha CohenSarah HughesAngela Nikodinov
2001Boston, MAMichelle KwanSarah HughesAngela NikodinovJennifer Kirk
2002Los AngelesMichelle KwanSasha CohenSarah HughesAngela Nikodinov
2003Dallas, TXMichelle KwanSarah HughesSasha CohenAnn Patrice McDonough
2004Atlanta, GAMichelle KwanSasha CohenJennifer KirkAmber Corwin
2005Portland, ORMichelle KwanSasha CohenKimmie MeissnerJennifer Kirk
2006St. Louis, MOSasha CohenKimmie MeissnerEmily HughesKaty Taylor
2007Spokane, WAKimmie MeissnerEmily HughesAlissa CzisnyBeatrisa Liang
2008St. Paul, MNMirai NagasuRachael FlattAshley WagnerCaroline Zhang
2009Cleveland, OHAlissa CzisnyRachael FlattCaroline ZhangAshley Wagner
2010Spokane, WARachael FlattMirai NagasuAshley WagnerSasha Cohen
2011Greensboro, NC

† Although Tonya Harding retains her 1991 title, her 1994 win is no longer officially recognized.

Çiftler

Pairs Medalists
YearLocationGoldSilverBronzePewter
1914New Haven, CTJeanne Chevalier / Norman M. ScottTheresa Weld / Nathaniel NilesEleanor Crocker / Edward Howland
1915-
1917
no competition held
1918New York, NYTheresa Weld / Nathaniel NilesClara Frothingham / Sherwin Badger
1919no competition held
1920New York, NYTheresa Weld / Nathaniel NilesEdith Rotch / Sherwin Badger
1921Philadelphia, PATheresa Weld Blanchard / Nathaniel NilesMrs. Edward Howland / Edward HowlandClara Frothingham / Charles Rotch
1922Boston, MATheresa Weld Blanchard / Nathaniel NilesMrs. Edward Howland / Edward HowlandEdith Rotch / Francis Munroe
1923New Haven, CTTheresa Weld Blanchard / Nathaniel Niles
1924Philadelphia, PATheresa Weld Blanchard / Nathaniel NilesGrace Munstock / Joel Liberman
1925New York, NYTheresa Weld Blanchard / Nathaniel NilesAda Bauman / George BraakmanGrace Munstock / Joel Liberman
1926Boston, MATheresa Weld Blanchard / Nathaniel NilesSydney Goode / James GreeneGrace Munstock / Joel Liberman
1927New York, NYTheresa Weld Blanchard / Nathaniel NilesBeatrix Loughran / Raymond HarveyAda Bauman / George Braakman
1928New Haven, CTMaribel Vinson / Thornton CoolidgeTheresa Weld Blanchard / Nathaniel NilesAda Bauman / George Braakman
1929New York, NYMaribel Vinson / Thornton CoolidgeTheresa Weld Blanchard / Nathaniel NilesEdith Secord / Joseph Savage
1930Providence, RIBeatrix Loughran / Sherwin BadgerMaribel Vinson / George HillEdith Secord / Joseph Savage
1931Boston, MABeatrix Loughran / Sherwin BadgerMaribel Vinson / George HillGrace Madden / J. Lester Madden
1932New York, NYBeatrix Loughran / Sherwin BadgerMaribel Vinson / George HillGertrude Meredith / Joseph Savage
1933New Haven, CTMaribel Vinson / George HillGrace Madden / J. Lester MaddenGertrude Meredith / Joseph Savage
1934Philadelphia, PAGrace Madden / J. Lester MaddenEva Schwerdt / William Bruns
1935New Haven, CTMaribel Vinson / George HillGrace Madden / J. Lester MaddenEva Schwerdt / William Bruns
1936New York, NYMaribel Vinson / George HillPolly Blodgett / Roger TurnerMarjorie Parker / Howard Meredith
1937Chicago, ILMaribel Vinson / George HillGrace Madden / J. Lester MaddenJoan Tozzer / Bernard Fox
1938Philadelphia, PAJoan Tozzer / Bernard FoxGrace Madden / J. Lester MaddenArdelle Sanderson / Roland Janson
1939St. Paul, MNJoan Tozzer / Bernard FoxAnnah M. Hall / William HallEva Schwerdt Bruns / William Bruns
1940Cleveland, OHJoan Tozzer / Bernard FoxHedy Stenuf / Skippy BaxterEva Schwerdt Bruns / William Bruns
1941Boston, MADonna Atwood / Eugene TurnerPatricia Vaeth / Jack MightJoan Mitchell / Bobby Specht
1942Chicago, ILDoris Schubach / Walter NoffkeJanette Ahrens / Robert UppgrenMargaret Field / Jack Might
1943New York, NYDoris Schubach / Walter NoffkeJanette Ahrens / Robert UppgrenDorothy Goos / Edward LeMaire
1944Minneapolis, MNDoris Schubach / Walter NoffkeJanette Ahrens / Arthur PreuschMarcella May / James Lochead
1945New York, NYDonna J. Pospisil / Jean Pierre BrunetAnn McGean / Michael McGeanMarcella May Willis / James Lochead
1946Chicago, ILDonna J. Pospisil / Jean Pierre BrunetKarol Kennedy / Peter KennedyPatty Sonnekson / Charles Brinkman
1947Berkeley, CAYvonne Sherman / Robert SwenningKarol Kennedy / Peter KennedyCarolyn Welch / Charles Brinkman
1948Colorado Springs, COKarol Kennedy / Peter KennedyYvonne Sherman / Robert SwenningHarriet Sutton / Lyman Wakefield
1949Colorado Springs, COKarol Kennedy / Peter KennedyIrene Maguire / Walter MuehlbronnerAnne Davies / Carleton Hoffner
1950Washington, DCKarol Kennedy / Peter KennedyIrene Maguire / Walter MuehlbronnerAnne Davies / Carleton Hoffner
1951Seattle, WAKarol Kennedy / Peter KennedyJanet Gerhauser / John NightingaleAnne Holt / Austin Holt
1952Colorado Springs, COKarol Kennedy / Peter KennedyJanet Gerhauser / John Nightingale
1953Hershey, PACarole Ormaca / Robin GreinerMargaret A. Graham / Hugh C. GrahamKay Servatius / Sully Kothman
1954Los AngelesCarole Ormaca / Robin GreinerMargaret A. Graham / Hugh C. GrahamLucille Ash / Sully Kothman
1955Colorado Springs, COCarole Ormaca / Robin GreinerLucille Ash / Sully KothmanAgnes Tyson / Robert Swenning
1956Philadelphia, PACarole Ormaca / Robin GreinerLucille Ash / Sully KothmanMaribel Owen / Charles Foster
1957Berkeley, CANancy Rouillard / Ronald LudingtonMary J. Watson / John JarmonAnita Tefkin / James Barlow
1958Minneapolis, MNNancy Rouillard Ludington / Ronald LudingtonSheila Wells / Robin GreinerMaribel Owen / Dudley Richards
1959Rochester, NYNancy Ludington / Ronald LudingtonGayle Freed / Karl FreedMaribel Owen / Dudley Richards
1960Seattle, WANancy Ludington / Ronald LudingtonMaribel Owen / Dudley RichardsIla Ray Hadley / Ray Hadley, Jr.
1961Colorado Springs, COMaribel Owen / Dudley RichardsIla Ray Hadley / Ray Hadley, Jr.Laurie Hickox / William HickoxJanet Browning / Jim Browning
1962Boston, MADorothyann Nelson / Pieter KollenJudianne Fotheringill / Jerry FotheringillVivian Joseph / Ronald JosephJanet Browning / Jim Browning
1963Long Beach, CAJudianne Fotheringill / Jerry FotheringillVivian Joseph / Ronald JosephPatti Gustafson / Pieter Kollen
1964Cleveland, OHJudianne Fotheringill / Jerry FotheringillVivian Joseph / Ronald JosephCynthia Kauffman / Ronald Kauffman
1965Lake Placid, NYVivian Joseph / Ronald JosephCynthia Kauffman / Ronald KauffmanJoanne Heckart / Gary Clark
1966Berkeley, CACynthia Kauffman / Ronald KauffmanSusan Berens / Roy WageleinPage Paulsen / Larry Duisch
1967Omaha, NECynthia Kauffman / Ronald KauffmanSusan Berens / Roy WageleinBetty Lewis / Richard Gilbert
1968Philadelphia, PACynthia Kauffman / Ronald KauffmanSandi Sweitzer / Roy WageleinJoJo Starbuck / Kenneth ShelleyBetty Lewis / Richard Gilbert
1969Seattle, WACynthia Kauffman / Ronald KauffmanJoJo Starbuck / Kenneth ShelleyMelissa Militano / Mark MiltanoSheri Thrapp / Larry Duisch
1970Tulsa, OKJoJo Starbuck / Kenneth ShelleyMelissa Militano / Mark MiltanoSheri Thrapp / Larry Duisch
1971Buffalo, NYJoJo Starbuck / Kenneth ShelleyMelissa Militano / Mark MiltanoBarbara Brown / Doug BerndtSheri Thrapp / Larry Duisch
1972Long Beach, CAJoJo Starbuck / Kenneth ShelleyMelissa Militano / Mark MiltanoBarbara Brown / Doug BerndtCozette Cady / Jack Courtney
1973Minneapolis, MNMelissa Militano / Mark MiltanoGale Fuhrman / Joel FuhrmanEmily Benenson / Johnny JohnsDebbie Hughes / Philip Grout
1974Providence, RIMelissa Militano / Johnny JohnsTai Babilonia / Randy GardnerErica Susman / Thomas Huff
1975Oakland, CAMelissa Militano / Johnny JohnsTai Babilonia / Randy GardnerEmily Benenson / Jack CourtneyErica Susman / Thomas Huff
1976Colorado Springs, COTai Babilonia / Randy GardnerAlice Cook / William FauverEmily Benenson / Jack Courtney
1977Hartford, CTTai Babilonia / Randy GardnerGail Hamula / Frank SweidingSheryl Franks / Michael BoticelliLorene Mitchell / Donald Mitchell
1978Portland, ORTai Babilonia / Randy GardnerGail Hamula / Frank SweidingSheryl Franks / Michael BoticelliVicki Heasley / Robert Waggenhoffer
1979Cincinnati, OHTai Babilonia / Randy GardnerVicki Heasley / Robert WagenhofferSheryl Franks / Michael Boticelli
1980Atlanta, GATai Babilonia / Randy GardnerCaitlin "Kitty" Carruthers / Peter CarruthersSheryl Franks / Michael BoticelliVicki Heasley / Robert Waggenhoffer
1981San Diego, CACaitlin "Kitty" Carruthers / Peter CarruthersLee Ann Miller / William FauverBeth Flora / Ken FloraMaria DiDomenico / Burt Lancon
1982Indianapolis, INCaitlin "Kitty" Carruthers / Peter CarruthersMaria DiDomenico / Burt LanconLee Ann Miller / William FauverVicki Heasley / Peter Oppegard
1983Pittsburgh, PACaitlin "Kitty" Carruthers / Peter CarruthersLee Ann Miller / William FauverJill Watson / Burt LanconGillian Wachsman / Robert Daw
1984Salt Lake City, UTCaitlin "Kitty" Carruthers / Peter CarruthersLee Ann Miller / William FauverJill Watson / Burt LanconGillian Wachsman / Robert Daw
1985Kansas City, MOJill Watson / Peter OppegardNatalie Seybold / Wayne SeyboldGillian Wachsman / Todd WaggonerSusan Dungjen / Jason Dungjen
1986Uniondale, NYGillian Wachsman / Todd WaggonerJill Watson / Peter OppegardNatalie Seybold / Wayne SeyboldKaty Keeley / Joseph Mero
1987Tacoma, WAJill Watson / Peter OppegardGillian Wachsman / Todd WaggonerKaty Keeley / Joseph MeroNatalie Seybold / Wayne Seybold
1988Denver, COJill Watson / Peter OppegardGillian Wachsman / Todd WaggonerNatalie Seybold / Wayne SeyboldKaty Keeley / Joseph Mero
1989Baltimore, MDKristi Yamaguchi / Rudy GalindoNatalie Seybold / Wayne SeyboldKaty Keeley / Joseph Mero
1990Salt Lake City, UTKristi Yamaguchi / Rudy GalindoNatasha Kuchiki / Todd SandSharon Carz / Doug WilliamsCalla Urbanski / Mark Naylor
1991Minneapolis, MNNatasha Kuchiki / Todd SandCalla Urbanski / Rocky MarvalJenni Meno / Scott WendlandSharon Carz / Doug Williams
1992Orlando, FLCalla Urbanski / Rocky MarvalJenni Meno / Scott WendlandNatasha Kuchiki / Todd SandKaren Courtland / Todd Reynolds
1993Phoenix, AZCalla Urbanski / Rocky MarvalJenni Meno / Todd SandKaren Courtland / Todd ReynoldsKatie Wood / Joel McKeever
1994Detroit, MIJenni Meno / Todd SandKyoko Ina / Jason DungjenKaren Courtland / Todd ReynoldsNatasha Kuchiki / Rocky Marval
1995Providence, RIJenni Meno / Todd SandKyoko Ina / Jason DungjenStephanie Stiegler / Lance TravisShelby Lyons / Brian Wells
1996San Jose, CAJenni Meno / Todd SandKyoko Ina / Jason DungjenShelby Lyons / Brian WellsStephanie Stiegler / John Zimmerman
1997Nashville, TNKyoko Ina / Jason DungjenJenni Meno / Todd SandStephanie Stiegler / John ZimmermanShelby Lyons / Brian Wells
1998Philadelphia, PAKyoko Ina / Jason DungjenShelby Lyons / Brian WellsDanielle Hartsell / Steve HartsellTiffany Stiegler / Johnnie Stiegler
1999Salt Lake City, UTDanielle Hartsell / Steve HartsellKyoko Ina / John ZimmermanLaura Lynn Handy / J. Paul BinneboseTiffany Stiegler / Johnnie Stiegler
2000Cleveland, OHKyoko Ina / John ZimmermanTiffany Scott / Philip DulebohnLarisa Spielberg / Craig JoerightAmanda Magarian / Jered Guzman
2001Boston, MAKyoko Ina / John ZimmermanTiffany Scott / Philip DulebohnDanielle Hartsell / Steve HartsellStephanie Kalesavich / Aaron Parchem
2002Los AngelesKyoko Ina / John ZimmermanTiffany Scott / Philip DulebohnStephanie Kalesavich / Aaron ParchemRena Inoue / John Baldwin
2003Dallas, TXTiffany Scott / Philip DulebohnKatie Orscher / Garrett LucashRena Inoue / John BaldwinLarisa Spielberg / Craig Joeright
2004Atlanta, GARena Inoue / John BaldwinKatie Orscher / Garrett LucashTiffany Scott / Philip DulebohnJennifer Don / Jonathon Hunt
2005Portland, ORKatie Orscher / Garrett LucashRena Inoue / John BaldwinMarcy Hinzmann / Aaron ParchemTiffany Scott / Philip Dulebohn
2006St. Louis, MORena Inoue / John BaldwinMarcy Hinzmann / Aaron ParchemKatie Orscher / Garrett LucashTiffany Scott / Rusty Fein
2007Spokane, WABrooke Castile / Benjamin OkolskiRena Inoue / John BaldwinNaomi Nari Nam / Themistocles LeftherisAmanda Evora / Mark Ladwig
2008St. Paul, MNKeauna McLaughlin / Rockne BrubakerRena Inoue / John BaldwinBrooke Castile / Benjamin OkolskiTiffany Vise / Derek Trent
2009Cleveland, OHKeauna McLaughlin / Rockne BrubakerCaydee Denney / Jeremy BarrettRena Inoue / John BaldwinAmanda Evora / Mark Ladwig
2010Spokane, WACaydee Denney / Jeremy BarrettAmanda Evora / Mark LadwigRena Inoue / John BaldwinBrooke Castile / Benjamin Okolski
2011Greensboro, NC

Buz dansı

Ice Dancing Medalists
YearLocationGoldSilverBronzePewter
1936Boston, MAMarjorie Parker / Joseph SavageNettie Prantell / Harold HartshorneClara Frothingham / Ashton Parmeter
1937Chicago, ILNettie Prantell / Harold HartshorneMarjorie Parker / Joseph SavageArdelle Kloss / Roland Jansea
1938Philadelphia, PANettie Prantell / Harold HartshorneKatherine Durbrow / Joseph SavageLouise W. Atwell / Otto DallmayrMarjorie Parker / George Boltres
1939St. Paul, MNSandy MacDonald / Harold HartshorneNettie Prantell / Joseph SavageMarjorie Parker / George Boltres
1940Cleveland, OHSandy MacDonald / Harold HartshorneNettie Prantell / George BoltresVernafay Thysell / Paul Harrington
1941Boston, MASandy MacDonald / Harold HartshorneElizabeth Kennedy / Eugene TurnerEdith Whetstone / A.L. Richards
1942Chicago, ILEdith Whetstone / A.L. RichardsSandy MacDonald / Harold HartshorneRamona Allen / Herman Torrano
1943New York, NYMarcella May / James LocheadMarjorie Parker Smith / Joseph SavageNettie Prantell / Harold Hartshorne
1944Minneapolis, MNMarcella May / James LocheadKathe Mehl / Harold HartshorneMary Anderson / Jack Anderson
1945New York, NYKathe Mehl Williams / Robert SwenningMarcella May Willis / James LocheadAnne Davies / Carleton Hoffner
1946Chicago, ILAnne Davies / Carleton HoffnerLois Waring / Walter BainbridgeCarmel Waterbury / Edward Bodel
1947Berkeley, CALois Waring / Walter BainbridgeAnne Davies / Carleton HoffnerMarcella Willis / Frank Davenport
1948Colorado Springs, COLois Waring / Walter BainbridgeAnne Davies / Carleton HoffnerIrene Maguire / Frank Davenport
1949Colorado Springs, COLois Waring / Walter BainbridgeIrene Maguire / Walter MuehlbronnerCarmel Bodel / Edward Bodel
1950Washington, DCLois Waring / Michael McGeanIrene Maguire / Walter MuehlbronnerAnne Davies / Carleton Hoffner
1951Seattle, WACarmel Bodel / Edward BodelVirginia Hoyns / Donald JacobyCarol Ann Peters / Daniel Ryan
1952Colorado Springs, COLois Waring / Michael McGeanCarol Ann Peters / Daniel RyanCarmel Bodel / Edward Bodel
1953Hershey, PACarol Ann Peters / Daniel RyanVirginia Hoyns / Donald JacobyCarmel Bodel / Edward Bodel
1954Los AngelesCarmel Bodel / Edward BodelPhyllis Forney / Martin ForneyPatsy Reidel / Roland Junso
1955Colorado Springs, COCarmel Bodel / Edward BodelJoan Zamboni / Roland JunsoPhyllis Forney / Martin Forney
1956Philadelphia, PAJoan Zamboni / Roland JunsoCarmel Bodel / Edward BodelSidney Arnold / Franklin Nelson
1957Berkeley, CASharon McKenzie / Bert WrightAndree Anderson / Donald JacobyJoan Zamboni / Roland Junso
1958Minneapolis, MNAndree Anderson / Donald JacobyClaire O'Neil / John Bejshak, Jr.Susan Sebo / Tim Brown
1959Rochester, NYAndree Anderson Jacoby / Donald JacobyMargie Ackles / Charles PhillipsJudy Ann Lamar / Ronald Ludington
1960Seattle, WAMargie Ackles / Charles PhillipsMarilyn Meeker / Larry PierceYvonne Littlefield / Roger Campbell
1961Colorado Springs, CODiane Sherbloom / Larry PierceDona Lee Carrier / Roger CampbellPatricia Dineen / Robert DineenJan Jacobsen / Marshall Campbell
1962Boston, MAYvonne Littlefield / Peter BettsDorothyann Nelson / Pieter KollenLorna Dyer / King ColeRosemary McEvoy / Ralph Owen
1963Long Beach, CASally Schantz / Stanley UrbanYvonne Littlefield / Peter BettsLorna Dyer / John Carrell
1964Cleveland, OHDarleen Streich / Charles FetterCarole MacSween / Robert MunzLorna Dyer / John Carrell
1965Lake Placid, NYKristin Fortune / Dennis SveumLorna Dyer / John CarrellSusan Urban / Stanley Urban
1966Berkeley, CAKristin Fortune / Dennis SveumLorna Dyer / John CarrellSusan Urban / Stanley Urban
1967Omaha, NELorna Dyer / John CarrellAlma Davenport / Roger BerryJudy Schwomeyer / James SladkyDolly Rodenbaugh / Tom Lescinski
1968Philadelphia, PAJudy Schwomeyer / James SladkyVicki Camper / Eugene HeffronDebbie Gerken / Raymond Tiedemann
1969Seattle, WAJudy Schwomeyer / James SladkyJoan Bitterman / Brad HislopDebbie Gerken / Raymond Tiedemann
1970Tulsa, OKJudy Schwomeyer / James SladkyAnne Millier / Harvey MillierDebbie Ganson / Brad Hislop
1971Buffalo, NYJudy Schwomeyer / James SladkyAnne Millier / Harvey MillierMary Campbell / Johnny Johns
1972Long Beach, CAJudy Schwomeyer / James SladkyAnne Millier / Harvey MillierMary Campbell / Johnny JohnsDebbie Ganson / Brad Hislop
1973Minneapolis, MNMary Campbell / Johnny JohnsAnne Millier / Harvey MillierJane Pankey / Richard Horne
1974Providence, RIColleen O'Connor / Jim MillnsAnne Millier / Harvey MillierMichelle Ford / Glenn Patterson
1975Oakland, CAColleen O'Connor / Jim MillnsJudi Genovese / Kent WeigleMichelle Ford / Glenn PattersonAnne Millier / Harvey Millier
1976Colorado Springs, COColleen O'Connor / Jim MillnsJudi Genovese / Kent WeigleSusan Kelley / Andrew Stroukoff
1977Hartford, CTJudi Genovese / Kent WeigleSusan Kelley / Andrew StroukoffMichelle Ford / Glenn PattersonStacey Smith / John Summers
1978Portland, ORStacey Smith / John SummersCarol Fox / Richard DalleySusan Kelley / Andrew StroukoffKim Krohn / Barry Hagan
1979Cincinnati, OHStacey Smith / John SummersCarol Fox / Richard DalleyJudy Blumberg / Michael Seibert
1980Atlanta, GAStacey Smith / John SummersJudy Blumberg / Michael SeibertCarol Fox / Richard DalleyKim Krohn / Barry Hagan
1981San Diego, CAJudy Blumberg / Michael SeibertCarol Fox / Richard DalleyKim Krohn / Barry Hagan
1982Indianapolis, INJudy Blumberg / Michael SeibertCarol Fox / Richard DalleyElisa Spitz / Scott GregoryKim Krohn / Barry Hagan
1983Pittsburgh, PAJudy Blumberg / Michael SeibertElisa Spitz / Scott GregoryCarol Fox / Richard Dalley
1984Salt Lake City, UTJudy Blumberg / Michael SeibertCarol Fox / Richard DalleyElisa Spitz / Scott Gregory
1985Kansas City, MOJudy Blumberg / Michael SeibertRenee Roca / Donald AdairSuzanne Semanick / Scott GregoryLois Luciani / Russ Witherby
1986Uniondale, NYRenee Roca / Donald AdairSuzanne Semanick / Scott GregoryLois Luciani / Russ WitherbySusan Wynne / Joseph Druar
1987Tacoma, WASuzanne Semanick / Scott GregoryRenee Roca / Donald AdairSusan Wynne / Joseph DruarApril Sargent / Russ Witherby
1988Denver, COSuzanne Semanick / Scott GregorySusan Wynne / Joseph DruarApril Sargent / Russ WitherbyRenee Roca / James Yorke
1989Baltimore, MDSusan Wynne / Joseph DruarApril Sargent / Russ WitherbySuzanne Semanick / Ron KravetteJeanne Miley / Michael Verlich
1990Salt Lake City, UTSusan Wynne / Joseph DruarApril Sargent / Russ WitherbySuzanne Semanick / Ron KravetteJeanne Miley / Michael Verlich
1991Minneapolis, MNElizabeth Punsalan / Jerod SwallowApril Sargent / Russ WitherbyJeanne Miley / Michael Verlich
1992Orlando, FLApril Sargent Thomas / Russ WitherbyRachel Mayer / Peter BreenElizabeth Punsalan / Jerod Swallow
1993Phoenix, AZRenee Roca / Gorsha SurSusan Wynne / Russ WitherbyElizabeth Punsalan / Jerod SwallowAmy Webster / Ron Kravette
1994Detroit, MIElizabeth Punsalan / Jerod SwallowSusan Wynne / Russ WitherbyAmy Webster / Ron KravetteWendy Millette / Jason Tebo
1995Providence, RIRenee Roca / Gorsha SurElizabeth Punsalan / Jerod SwallowAmy Webster / Ron KravetteKate Robinson / Peter Breen
1996San Jose, CAElizabeth Punsalan / Jerod SwallowRenee Roca / Gorsha SurEve Chalom / Mathew GatesKate Robinson / Peter Breen
1997Nashville, TNElizabeth Punsalan / Jerod SwallowEve Chalom / Mathew GatesKate Robinson / Peter BreenAmy Webster / Ron Kravette
1998Philadelphia, PAElizabeth Punsalan / Jerod SwallowJessica Joseph / Charles ButlerNaomi Lang / Peter TchernyshevEve Chalom / Mathew Gates
1999Salt Lake City, UTNaomi Lang / Peter TchernyshevEve Chalom / Mathew GatesDeborah Koegel / Oleg FediukovBeata Handra / Charles Sinek
2000Cleveland, OHNaomi Lang / Peter TchernyshevJamie Silverstein / Justin PekarekDeborah Koegel / Oleg FediukovBeata Handra / Charles Sinek
2001Boston, MANaomi Lang / Peter TchernyshevTanith Belbin / Benjamin AgostoJessica Joseph / Brandon ForsythBeata Handra / Charles Sinek
2002Los AngelesNaomi Lang / Peter TchernyshevTanith Belbin / Benjamin AgostoMelissa Gregory / Denis PetukhovBeata Handra / Charles Sinek
2003Dallas, TXNaomi Lang / Peter TchernyshevTanith Belbin / Benjamin AgostoMelissa Gregory / Denis PetukhovLoren Galler-Rabinowitz / David Mitchell
2004Atlanta, GATanith Belbin / Benjamin AgostoMelissa Gregory / Denis PetukhovLoren Galler-Rabinowitz / David MitchellKendra Goodwin / Brent Bommentre
2005Portland, ORTanith Belbin / Benjamin AgostoMelissa Gregory / Denis PetukhovLydia Manon / Ryan O'MearaTiffany Stiegler / Sergey Magerovskiy
2006St. Louis, MOTanith Belbin / Benjamin AgostoMelissa Gregory / Denis PetukhovJamie Silverstein / Ryan O'MearaMorgan Matthews / Maxim Zavozin
2007Spokane, WATanith Belbin / Benjamin AgostoMelissa Gregory / Denis PetukhovMeryl Davis / Charlie WhiteKimberly Navarro / Brent Bommentre
2008St. Paul, MNTanith Belbin / Benjamin AgostoMeryl Davis / Charlie WhiteKimberly Navarro / Brent BommentreEmily Samuelson / Evan Bates
2009Cleveland, OHMeryl Davis / Charlie WhiteEmily Samuelson / Evan BatesKimberly Navarro / Brent BommentreMadison Hubbell / Keiffer Hubbell
2010Spokane, WAMeryl Davis / Charlie WhiteTanith Belbin / Benjamin AgostoEmily Samuelson / Evan BatesKimberly Navarro / Brent Bommentre
2011Greensboro, NC

Kaynakça

  1. ""Greensboro, N.C., Selected to Host 2011 U.S. Figure Skating Championships"". 4 Ağustos 2009 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 24 Haziran 2009.
  2. "The 2010 Official U.S. Figure Skating Rulebook" (PDF). U.S. Figure Skating. 22 Eylül 2012 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 13 Ekim 2009.

Dış bağlantılar

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